A Primary Menu is the main menu selected as primary menu in the WordPress Menu Editor. A WordPress theme may support single or multiple navigational menus at different locations in theme. These menus can be edited using the built in WordPress Menu Editor located at Appearance » Menu.
Most WordPress themes have menu locations that users can edit, filling each menu with their own items. However, if a user does not edit the menus, most themes list pages as the menu items by default. The purpose of a primary menu is to allow Themes to use more than one menu on a site (e.g. one in the header, one in the footer). It also allows users to save menus and switch between the menus they have created.
This post was originally published in the wpbeginner glossary.